内容简介
在今天的大众媒体和图书市场上，到处充斥着关于潜能提升、心理操控、色彩星座、催眠读心等伪装成心理学的主题，更有一些伪心理学家、所谓的心理师打着心理学的旗号欺世盗名，从中渔利。在浩如烟海、良莠不齐的心理学信息面前，如何拨除迷雾，去伪存真，成为一个明智的心理学信息的消费者？这本书将教给你科学实用的批判思维技能，将真正的心理学研究从伪心理学中区分出来，告诉你什么才是真正的心理学。 《这才是心理学》第1版出版于1983年，30多年来一直被奉为心理学入门经典，在全球大学中享有盛誉，现在呈现在读者面前的是英文第10版。这本书并不同于一般的心理学导论类教材，很多内容是心理学课堂上不曾讲授的，也是许多心理学教师在教学中感到只可意会而不可言传的。作者正是从此初衷出发，以幽默生动的语言，结合一些妙趣横生、生活的实例，深入浅出地介绍了可证伪、操作主义、实证主义、安慰剂效应、相关和因果、概率推理等心理学中的基本原则。与上一版相比，第10版更新了新的研究资料和实例以及172篇参考文献。 本书不仅适合于心理学专业的学生，有助于建立心理学研究中必要的批判思维技能与意识，而其通俗易读也适合所有对心理学感兴趣的读者，它将帮助你纠正对心理学的种种误解，学会独立地评估心理学信息，用科学的精神和方法理解自己和他人的行为。此外，由于心理学与其他学科的共通，本书也不失为一本精彩有趣的科学哲学类读物。
目录
ContentsPreface xiychology Is Alive and Well (and Doing Fine Among the Sciences) 1The Freud Problem 1The Diversity of Modern Psychology 3Implications of Diversity 4Unity in Science 6What, Then, Is Science 8Systematic Empiricism 9Publicly Verifiable Knowledge: Replication and Peer Review 10Empirically Solvable Problems: Scientists' Search for Tele Theories 12Psychology and Folk Wisdom: The Problem with "Common Sense" 13Psychology as a Young Science 17Summary 182 Falsifiability: How to Foil Little Green Men in the Head 21Theories and the Falsifiability Criterion 22The Theory of Kno Rhythms 23Freud and Falsifiability 24The Little Green Men 26Not All Confirmations Are Equal 28Falsifiability and Folk Wisdom 29The Freedom to Admit a Mistake 29Thoughts Are Cheap 32Errors in Science: Getting Closer to the Truth 33Summary 363 Operationism and Essentialism: "But, Doctor,What Does It Really Mean " 37Why Scientists Are Not Essentialists 37Essentialists Like to Argue about the Meaning of Words 38Operationists link Concepts to Observable Events 39Reliability and Validity 40Direct and Indirect Operational Definitions 42Scientific Concepts Evolve 43Operational Definitions in Psychology 45Operationism as a Humanizing Force 47Essentialist Questions and the Misunderstanding of Psychology 49Summary 514 Testimonials and Case Study Evidence: Placebo Effects and the Amazing Randi 53The Place of the Case Study 54Why Testimonials Are Worthless: Placebo Effects 56The "Vividness" Problem 59The Overwhelming Impact of the Single Case 62The Amazing Randi: Fighting Fire with Fire 64Testimonials Open the Door to Pseudoscience 65Summary 715 Correlation and Causation: Birth Controlby the Toaster Method 73The Third-Variable Problem: Goldberger and Pellagra 74Why Goldberger's Evidence Was Better 75The Directionality Problem 78Selection Bias 79Summary 836 Getting Things Under Control: The Case of Clever Hans 85Snow and Cholera 86Comparison, Control, and Manipulation 87Random Assignment in Conjunction with Manipulation Defines the True Experiment 88The importance of Control Groups 90The Case of Clever Hans, the Wonder Horse 95Clever Hans in the 1990s 97Prying Variables Apart: Special Conditions 100Intuitive Physics 102Intuitive Psychology 103Summary 1067 "But It's Not Real Life!": The "Artificiality" Criticism and Psychology 107Why Natural Isn't Always Necessary 107The "Random Sample" Confusion 108The Random Assignment Versus Random Sample Distinction 109Theory-Driven Research Versus Direct Applications 110Applications of Psychological Theory 115The "College Sophomore" Problem 117The Real-Life and College Sophomore Problems in Perspective 120Summary 1218 Avoiding the Einstein Syndrome: The importance of Converging Evidence 123The Connectivity Principle 124A Consumer's Rule: Beware of Violations of Connectivity 125The "Great-Leap" Model Versus the Gradual-Synthesis Model 126Converging Evidence: Progress Despite Flaws 128Converging Evidence in Psychology 130Scientific Consensus 134Methods and the Convergence Principle 136The Progression to More Powerful Methods 137A Counsel Against Despair 139Summary 1429 The Misguided Search for the "Magic Bullet": The Issue of Multiple Causation 143The Concept of Interaction 144The Temptation of the Single-Cause Explanation 147Summary 15010 The Achilles' Heel of Human Cognition:Probabilistic Reasoning 151"Person-Who" Statistics 153Probabilistic Reasoning and the Misunderstandingof Psychology 154Psychological Research on Probabilistic Reasoning 156Insufficient Use of Probabilistic Information 157Failure to Use Sample-Size Information 159The Gambler's Fallacy 161A Further Word about Statistics and Probability 163Summary 16511 The Role of Chance in Psychology 167The Tendency to Try to Explain Chance Events 167Explaining Chance: Illusory Correlation and the Illusion of Control 170Chance and Psychology 172Coincidence 172Personal Coincidences 175Accepting Error in Order to Reduce Error: Clinical Versus Actuarial Prediction 176Summary 18312 The Rodney Dangerfield of the Sciences 185Psychology's Image Problem 185Psychology and Parapsychology 186The Self-Help Literature 188Recipe Knowledge 190Psychology and Other Disciplines 192Our Own Worst Enemies 193Isn't Everyone a Psychologist Implicit Theories of Behavior 199The Source of Resistance to Scientific Psychology 200The Final Word 205References 207Credits 229Name Index 230Subject Index 237
