量子力学（英文版）

内容简介

     郑海荣主编的这本《量子力学（英文版）》内容 包括初等量子力学的基本理论、基本构架及解决问题 的基本方法；量子理论在典型题中的应用；简单近似 方法；全同粒子体系的量子理论；量子理论的 展及实际应用举例；动画及模拟练习；问题讨论与练 习。本书可作为高等学校的教材。

目录

Preface前言
Part I The Wave Function and Schr／Sdinger Equation
第一部分 波函数及薛定谔方程
Chapter 1 The wave function and Schrodinger equation波函数和薛定谔方程
1.1 The wave-particle duality and matter wave波粒二象性与物质波
1.2 Wave function and its statistical interpretation波函数及其统计解释
1.3 The principle of superposition态叠加原理
1.4 The Schrodinger equation薛定谔方程
Biography人物档案
Essay短文：SchrOdinger cat and EPR paradox薛定谔猫和EPR佯谬
Associated application相关应用：TEM and SEM透射及扫描电子显微镜
Animation and simulation演示与模拟
DiSCUSsion questions讨论问题
Exercises习题
Chapter 2 Time-independent Schr6dinger equation and its application in one dimension定态薛定谔方程及其在一维问题中的应用
2.1 Time-independent Schr6dinger equation and the statmnary state定态薛定谔方程和定态
2.2 The bound state and discrete spectra束缚态与分立谱
2.3 Reflection and transmission，tunneling effect反射与透射，隧穿效应
Biography人物档案
Associated application相关应用：STM扫描隧道显微镜
Animation and simulation演示与模拟
DiSCUSSion questions讨论问题
Exercises习题
Part II Physical Observables and Representations
第二部分 可观测物理量及表象理论
Chapter 3 Physical observables and representations可观测量及其表示理论
3.1 Observables and operators力学量与算符
3.2 Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of Hermitian operators
厄米算符的本征值与本征矢量
3.3 Representations and their transformations表象理论与表象变换
3.4 The uncertainty principle不确定原理
3.5 Dirac notation and the occupation number representation狄拉克符号与占有数表象
Biography人物档案
Essay短文：Heisenberg and matrix mechanics海森伯与矩阵力学
Animation and simulation演示与模拟
Discussion questions讨论问题
Exercises习题
Part III Appl ications of the Schr6dinger Equation in 3D
第三部分 薛定谔方程在三维空间中的应用
Chapter 4 A particle in a central field 中心力场中的粒子
4.1 A particle in a central field 中心力场中的粒子
4.2 The radial equation for an electron in the Coulomb potential库仑场中运动电子的径向方程
4.3 The hydrogen atom氢原子
Biography人物档案
Essay短文：Niels Bohr and his theory for the hydrOgen atom波尔和他的氢原子理论
Associated application相关应用：Quantum computer量子计算机
Discussion questions讨论问题
Exercises习题
Part IV Approximation Methods
第四部分 近似方法
Chapter 5 Perturbation theory微扰理论
5.1 Time-independent perturbation theory定态微扰理论
5.2 Time-dependent perturbation theory含时微扰理论
5.3 The adiabatic theorem绝热理论
Biography人物档案
Essay短文：Berry phase Berry相位
Associated application相关应用：Laser激光
Animation and simulation演示与模拟

摘要与插图

Part I The Wave Function and Schrodinger Equation
第一部分波函数及薛定谔方程
Chapter 1 The wave function and Schrodinger equation
波函数和薛定谔方程
The wave-particle duality and matter wave
波粒二象性与物质波
Particles and waves are two distinct entities in classical physics. As we have learned from both text books and daily experiences,a particle is a localized bundle of energy and momentum. At any tnstant, it can be described by state parameters,such as position q and momentum p (or velocity v if the mass is a constant). The parameters q and p evolve
time according to some equations of motion,such as Newton’s law F = dp /dt. Given the tnitial values q (tz) and p (t ) at time tt, the position q (t) and momentum pit) at any time t can be deduced from the equations of motion. In contrast to the particle, a wave is considered as a periodic disturbance spread over space. It usually appears as some kind of periodic movement transferring energy from one point to another. A wave satisfies the superposition rules and presents jnterference and diffraction phenomena.
1.1.1 The wave-particle duality of light 光的波粒二象性
In the 17lh century, two competing theories of light were proposed during the debate about the nature of light: one was offered by Christian Huygens and the other by Isaac Newton. According to the theories,light was thought either to consist of waves (Huygens) or of corpuscles/particles (Newton). Huygens proposed that each point on a light wave front acted as a spherical point source
for the progressing wave. Newton’s argument satisfactorily and more simply
explained geometric optics and did not presume a medium for particle travel.At the beginning of 1 9lh century (801?1805),Thomas Young conducted the famous double-slit experiment showing that light from two slits interfere to produce a fringe pattern on a screen,a phenomenon that cannot be described by classical particles. In 1909?Geoffrey Ingram Taylor conducted an experiment that showed the interference phenomena by individual photons. The double-slit experiment has been repeated in many ways over the years and has become a standard demonstration of wave-like motion. But neither Newton nor Young were quite convincing about the nature of light. Light could not be described purely as a wave or as consisting of particles.
In 1900, Max Planck postulated that the energy of oscillators in a black body is an integer multiple of hv,where h is the Planck constant and v is the frequency of the oscillator. The problem was that the wave nature of light was widely accepted at that time,the concept have been completely formulated in Maxwell’s theory and confirmed by interference and diffraction experiments. After Planck’s quanta hypothesis, Albert Einstein postulated the concept of the photon to explain the photoelectric effect in 1 905, which also was used later to explain Compton scattering. According t